Hey everyone,

We’re excited to finally share the results summary of the survey we posted in this community a few months ago! A massive thank you to the n=2158 active self-hosters from communities like r/selfhosted on Reddit and c/selfhosted on Lemmy.World who participated. Your input has led to a comprehensive academic paper that investigates the core reasons why we stick with self-hosting over the long haul.

Our study examined which factors most influence the Continuance Intention (the desire to keep using) and Actual Usage of self-hosted solutions. We confirmed that self-hosting is a principle-driven and hobby-driven practice, challenging traditional models of technology adoption.

The Top 3 most important Positive Drivers for Continued Self-Hosting

The most significant positive predictors of your intention to continue self-hosting were all rooted in intrinsic satisfaction and personal gain, rather than just basic utility:

1. Perceived Enjoyment (The ‘Fun Factor’): The sheer joy, pleasure, and personal satisfaction of configuring, maintaining, and experimenting with your own systems is a powerful, primary motivator for long-term engagement.
2. Perceived Autonomy (Control/Digital Sovereignty): The desire for explicit control over your data and services, and the rejection of vendor lock-in inherent in third-party cloud services, is a fundamental driver.
3. Perceived Usefulness: The belief that your self-hosted solution efficiently delivers specific personal outcomes (e.g., operational efficiency, powerful features, and privacy) is important, but its influence was less pronounced than Enjoyment or Autonomy.

The Critical Role of Technical Skill

We found that your self-assessed technical ability, or Perceived Competence, acts as a crucial link between wanting to self-host and actually doing it. Having a high intention to keep self-hosting is only half the battle. Your confidence in your technical skill is what gives you the self-assurance to handle the necessary, demanding tasks like maintenance, security, and updates. Importantly, a certain critical threshold of knowledge is required before competence starts driving that actual, continuous usage.

Other Key Insights

• Privacy Matters: Concerns about privacy in cloud services positively influence the decision to stick with self-hosting.
• The ‘Push’ Factor: If a user reports high Trust or high Autonomy when using commercial cloud services, they are significantly less motivated to continue self-hosting. This confirms that dissatisfaction with the commercial cloud effectively “pushes” people toward decentralized alternatives.
• Maintenance Isn’t a Dealbreaker: The high effort and time required for upkeep, or Perceived Maintenance Cost, was not a statistically significant factor for giving up on self-hosting. Our intrinsic motivation is powerful enough to absorb the necessary effort.

Implications for the Self-Hosting Ecosystem

For developers and the community, these findings suggest that sustained usage depends not only on functionality but also on fostering empowerment and a great user experience. By making self-hosting more enjoyable and reinforcing the user’s sense of digital sovereignty, we strengthen the intrinsic motivation that fuels this movement.

Thank you again for helping us publish this research on the future of decentralized digital solutions! This work would not have been possible without your participation.

The full open-access article “A Model of Factors Influencing Continuance Intention and Actual Usage of Self-Hosted Software Solutions”: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/17/22/10009

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